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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DIAGNOSTICS AND RESEARCH

Clinical Correlation of Karnini Yoni Vyapad with Cervical Erosion: An

Integrative Review of Ayurvedic and Modern Management

Dr.Meghana Rahul Patil ¹, Dr.Nilesh Dalvi ²

¹PG scholar 2^ndyear SRPT department Sanskriti ayurvedic medical college and hospital Chatta Mathura

²Professor SRPT Department, VYDSAM,Khurja(UP)

Corresponding author: Dr.Meghana Rahul Patil

Article Info: Published on : 15/01/2026

Cite this article as: - Dr.Meghana Rahul Patil (2026) ; Clinical Correlation of Karnini Yoni Vyapad with Cervical Erosion: An

Integrative Review of Ayurvedic and Modern Management;Inter .J. Dignostics and Research 3 (2) 43-49,

DOI : 1 0 . 5 2 8 1 / z e n o d o . 1 8 2 5 9 1 4 8

Abstract

Karnini Yoni Vyapad is a chronic gynaecological disorder described in Ayurvedic literature under

Yonivyapad, characterized by excessive vaginal discharge, genital discomfort, itching, and abnormal

bleeding. These features show marked similarity to cervical erosion (cervical ectropion), a common

benign condition in modern gynaecology associated with chronic cervicitis and epithelial alterations of the

cervix. Despite this overlap, a clear academic correlation between the two conditions has not been

systematically analysed.

Keywords – Karnini Yoni Vyapad; Cervical erosion; Yonivyapad; Cervical ectropion; Ayurvedic gynaecology;

Integrative medicine; Striroga

Introduction :

In

Ayurveda,

gynaecological

described under

diseases

are

Gynaecological disorders characterized by chronic

vaginal discharge, abnormal uterine or contact

bleeding, and persistent inflammation represent a

systematically

Yonivyapad,

encompassing disorders of the female reproductive

tract. Among these, Karnini Yoni Vyapad is

described as a chronic condition marked by

excessive vaginal discharge (atisrava), genital pain

(yoni shoola), pruritus, and abnormal bleeding [3] .

Classical texts attribute its pathogenesis to the

vitiation of Vata and Kapha doshas, resulting in

srotodushti and pathological tissue alterations

substantial burden on women’s reproductive health

[1]

globally

. Such conditions significantly affect

physical comfort, sexual health, and quality of life,

and may predispose affected women to recurrent

lower genital tract infections and repeated medical

interventions ^[2]

.

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[4]

within the yoni region

. The chronic and

In contrast, modern management of cervical

erosion focuses on conservative observation or

recurrent nature emphasized in Ayurvedic literature

suggests sustained inflammatory and structural

localized

interventions

such

as

chemical

involvement of vaginal and cervical tissues ^[5]

.

cauterization, cryotherapy, or laser ablation,

primarily targeting the affected epithelium .^[15,16]

Therefore, a scientific and integrative appraisal

comparing Karnini Yoni Vyapad with cervical

erosion is both relevant and necessary. Establishing

clinical and conceptual correlations may enhance

diagnostic clarity, broaden therapeutic perspectives,

and support the development of integrative

gynaecological management strategies.

In modern gynecology, cervical erosion, also

known as cervical ectropion, is defined as the

presence

of

columnar

surface

epithelium

on

the

[6]

ectocervical

.

Although

often

physiological, cervical erosion becomes clinically

significant when associated with chronic cervicitis,

infection, or hormonal influences such as estrogen

predominance ^[7]. Symptomatic cases commonly

present with persistent vaginal discharge, postcoital

[8]

Aim of the study :

bleeding, dyspareunia, and pelvic discomfort

.

To analyze the clinical correlation between Karnini

Yoni Vyapad and cervical erosion and to compare

Ayurvedic and modern management approaches

using an integrative framework.

While cervical erosion is considered a benign

condition, unresolved inflammation may contribute

to recurrent infections and necessitate repeated

[9].

therapeutic

procedures

A

comparative

Materials And Methods :

assessment of clinical features reveals notable

similarities between Karnini Yoni Vyapad and

cervical erosion, particularly with respect to

This study is a narrative, conceptual, and

comparative review. conducted to analyze the

conceptual

and

clinical

similarities

between

excessive discharge, bleeding tendencies, and

[10,11]

Karnini Yoni Vyapad and cervical erosion. The

study does not involve human or animal subjects

and is based entirely on textual and literature

analysis; therefore, ethical clearance was not

required.

chronic inflammatory changes

. Ayurvedic

descriptions of mamsa vriddhi and kapha dushti

may be conceptually correlated with epithelial

proliferation and inflammatory changes of the

[12,13]

cervix described in modern pathology

.

Sources of Data :

Despite these parallels, contemporary scientific

literature lacks a structured and integrative

correlation between Karnini Yoni Vyapad and

Ayurvedic Literature :

Classical Ayurvedic texts were selected as primary

sources due to their authoritative descriptions of

Yonivyapad. These included:

cervical

emphasizes correction of systemic imbalance

through shodhana (purificatory therapies),

erosion.

Ayurvedic

management

•

Charaka Samhita (Chikitsa Sthana –

shamana (palliative measures), and localized

Yonivyapad Chikitsa)

therapeutic procedures aimed at restoring tissue

integrity and physiological function ^[14]

.

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•

Sushruta Samhita (Uttara Tantra – Striroga

• Long-term outcomes

Adhyaya)

• Presentation of Findings

Ashtanga Hridayam (Uttara Sthana)

The synthesized data were presented using:

Commentaries and standard translations were

• Tables for symptom and management

consulted

to

ensure

conceptual

clarity

and

comparison

consistency.

• Flowcharts for integrative pathogenesis

Contemporary gynaecological knowledge was

obtained from:

• Comparison

matrices

for

therapeutic

evaluation

• Standard gynaecology textbooks

This structured presentation was designed to

enhance clarity, reproducibility, and relevance for

integrative gynaecology research.

• WHO

guidelines

cervical

infections and benign cervical lesions

• Peer-reviewed articles discussing cervical

erosion, cervicitis, and epithelial changes of

the cervix

Limitations of the Study :

As a narrative review, the study relies on available

textual evidence and does not provide statistical

validation. The findings highlight conceptual

correlations and require further clinical trials for

empirical confirmation.

Data Extraction and Analysis :

Relevant data were extracted under the following

predefined domains:

• Clinical features (symptoms and signs)

• Etiological factors

Results :

1.Clinical Features: Correlation Analysis

• Pathogenesis and disease progression

• Management strategies

Table no 1. Symptom-wise correlation between

Karnini Yoni Vyapad and Cervical Erosion

Ayurvedic terminologies were interpreted in the

context of modern clinical understanding without

altering their original conceptual meanings.

Comparative Framework :

Clinical

feature

Karnini Yoni

Vyapad

(Ayurveda)

Cervicle

erosion(modrrn)

Vaginal

discharge

Excessive,

sticky

(picchila

srava) ^[17]

Non-

Mucoid/mucopurulent

discharge [18]

A structured comparative framework was adopted

to correlate Ayurvedic and modern descriptions.

Clinical similarities were mapped symptom-wise,

and pathogenesis was compared using conceptual

flowcharts. Therapeutic approaches were analyzed

using tabular comparison matrices focusing on:

• Treatment principles

Bleeding

Postcoital/contact

bleeding [20]

menstrual

bleeding [19]

Pain

Yoni shoola

Pelvic discomfort,

dyspareunia

Often persistent if

untreated

Chronicity

Long-

standing

condition

Described as

dushti / ama

Infection

Associated cervicitis

• Mode of action

• Invasiveness

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2. Pathogenesis Comparison

4. Management Strategies

Table no. 2. Ayurvedic vs Modern Pathogenesis

4.1 Ayurvedic Management

Ayurvedic

Concept

Modern

Concept

treatment focuses on correcting systemic imbalance

and promoting local healing.

Aspect

Table no.3. Ayurvedic Management Protocol

Therapeutic

Dosha

vitiation

(Vata–Kapha)

Hormonal

imbalance,

infection

Etiology

Therapy Type

Intervention

Action

Columnar

epithelium

exposure

Tissue

involvement

Reduces

chronic

Mamsa & rakta

dushti

Shodhana

Virechana

inflammation

Srotodushti

and abnormal

growth

[21]

Disease

mechanism

Eversion +

inflammation

Yoni

Prakshalana

(Triphala,

Panchavalkala)

Antimicrobial,

healing ^[22]

Local therapy

Chronic,

recurrent

Chronic,

recurrent

Progression

Local

application

Yoni Pichu

(Jatyadi Taila)

Tissue

regeneration

Reduces

Flowchart 1. Integrative Pathogenesis Model

discharge,

strengthens

cervix ^[23]

Ashoka,

Lodhra

Shamana

Diatary and Behavioral Factors

Dosha Prakopa(vata kapha)

Strotodusthi in yoni pradesh

4.2 Modern Management :

Modern gynaecology adopts conservative or

procedural approaches

Table no. 4. Modern Management Protocol

Abnormal tissue

changes(karnini)

Approach

Method

Indication

Asymptomatic

cases

Observation

Medical

No treatment

Clinical features

Discharge-bleeding-pain

Silver nitrate

cautery

Mild erosion

Cryotherapy /

Laser

Persistent

symptoms

Comparable to cervical

erosion/ectropion

Procedural

Antibiotics

Based on

culture

Cervicitis ^[24]

Flowchart 1. Integrative Pathogenesis

Model

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abnormal bleeding, and persistent inflammatory

changes involving the cervicovaginal region. These

5. Comparison Matrix

Table no. 5. Comparative Matrix: Ayurveda vs

Modern Medicine

similarities suggest that Karnini Yoni Vyapad may

represent an Ayurvedic conceptual framework for

conditions that align closely with cervical erosion

and related inflammatory cervical disorders.

Modern

medicine

Parameter

Ayurved

Treatment

philosophy

holistic

Adverse effects

Emphasized

Minimal

Lesion-oriented

From

a

pathogenetic

standpoint,

Ayurveda

Invasiveness

Often invasive

Limited

attributes the condition to vitiation of Vata and

Kapha doshas, resulting in srotodushti and

pathological tissue alterations, whereas modern

Recurrence

prevention

Adverse

effects

Possible

scarring

Symptom-

focused

medicine

explains

cervical

erosion

through

Adverse

effects

High

(systemic)

hormonal influences, epithelial eversion, and

chronic cervicitis. Although the explanatory models

differ, both systems recognize the central role of

chronic inflammation and tissue vulnerability in

disease progression.

Discussion :

The analysis demonstrates a strong clinical and

conceptual overlap between Karnini Yoni Vyapad

and cervical erosion. Ayurvedic descriptions of

mamsa vriddhi, srava, and chronic kapha dushti

parallel the modern understanding of epithelial

eversion and cervicitis ^[25,26].

The review further indicates that Ayurvedic

management strategies, which emphasize systemic

correction through shodhana, local therapeutic

procedures, and restoration of tissue integrity, offer

a holistic and non-invasive approach to disease

management. In contrast, modern gynecological

interventions focus primarily on localized lesion-

based treatments such as cauterization or ablation,

providing rapid symptomatic relief but with limited

impact on underlying systemic factors and potential

risk of recurrence.

While modern treatments offer rapid symptom

control, they do not address systemic causative

factors. Ayurvedic therapies, by restoring dosha

balance and enhancing tissue healing, may offer

sustainable outcomes, particularly in chronic and

recurrent cases.

Conclusion :

Taken together, these findings support the potential

utility of an integrative approach combining the

strengths of Ayurvedic and modern medical

systems. Such an approach may be particularly

beneficial in chronic, recurrent, or treatment-

resistant cases, where long-term tissue healing and

prevention of recurrence are key clinical goals.

However, the conclusions of this review are based

on conceptual and literature-based evidence.

The present review highlights a significant clinical

and conceptual correspondence between Karnini

Yoni Vyapad, as described in classical Ayurvedic

literature, and cervical erosion (cervical ectropion)

recognized

in

modern

gynaecology.

The

comparative analysis demonstrates substantial

overlap in symptomatology, particularly with

respect to chronic vaginal discharge, contact or

Copyright @ : - Dr.Meghana Rahul Patil Inter. J.Digno. and Research IJDRMSID0095 |ISSN :2584-2757

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DIAGNOSTICS AND RESEARCH [ISSN No.: 2584-2757]

Well designed clinical trials and observational

studies are required to validate the efficacy, safety,

7. Shaw RW, Bourne T. *Shaw’s Textbook of

Gynaecology*. 17th ed. London: Elsevier;

2021.

and

reproducibility

of

integrative

treatment

protocols.

In conclusion, recognizing the correlation between

Karnini Yoni Vyapad and cervical erosion may

enhance diagnostic clarity, expand therapeutic

options, and contribute to the development of

evidence-based integrative gynaecological care.

8. Howkins J, Hudson CN. *Shaw’s Textbook

of

Operative

Gynaecology*.

8th

ed.

London: Elsevier; 2019.

9. API Expert Group. *API Textbook of

Medicine*. 11th ed. Mumbai: Association

of Physicians of India; 2019.

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Volume : 03 Issue : 02

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DIAGNOSTICS AND RESEARCH [ISSN No.: 2584-2757]

16. API Expert Group. *API Textbook of

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Declaration :

Conflict of Interest : None

19. Shaw RW, Bourne T. *Shaw’s Textbook of

Gynaecology*. 17th ed. London: Elsevier;

2021.

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DOI : 1 0 . 5 2 8 1 / z e n o d o . 1 8 2 5 9 1 4 8

Dr.Meghana Rahul Patil Inter. J.Digno. and

Research

20. Howkins J, Hudson CN. *Shaw’s Textbook

This work is licensed under Creative

Commons Attribution 4.0 License

Submission Link : http://www.ijdrindia.com

of

Operative

Gynaecology*.

8th

ed.

London: Elsevier; 2019.

21. API Expert Group. *API Textbook of

Medicine*. 11th ed. Mumbai: Association

of Physicians of India; 2019.

Benefits of Publishing with us

Fast peer review process

22. Agnivesha. *Charaka Samhita*, Chikitsa

Global archiving of the articles

Unrestricted open online access

Author retains copyright

Sthana,

Yonivyapad

Acharya,

Chikitsa.

editor.

Yadavji

Trikamji

Varanasi:

Unique DOI for all articles

Chaukhamba Sanskrit Series; 2018.

https://ijdrindia.com

23. Howkins J, Hudson CN. *Shaw’s Textbook

of Operative Gynecology*. 8th ed. London:

Elsevier; 2019

24. Sushruta.

*Sushruta

Samhita*,

Uttara

Tantra, Striroga Adhyaya. Ambikadutta

Shastri, editor. Varanasi: Chaukhamba

Orientalia; 2019.

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